API Reference
The following types are used in the type signatures below
type DoneCallback = (error?: any) => void
type Awaitable<T> = T | PromiseLike<T>
type TestFunction = () => Awaitable<void> | (done: DoneCallback) => void
When a test function returns a promise, the runner will wait until it is resolved to collect async expectations. If the promise is rejected, the test will fail.
For compatibility with Jest, TestFunction
can also be of type (done: DoneCallback) => void
. If this form is used, the test will not be concluded until done
is called (with zero arguments or a falsy value for a successful test, and with a truthy error value as argument to trigger a fail). We don't recommend using this form, as you can achieve the same using an async
function.
test
Type:
(name: string, fn: TestFunction, timeout?: number) => void
Alias:
it
test
defines a set of related expectations. It receives the test name and a function that holds the expectations to test.Optionally, you can provide a timeout (in milliseconds) for specifying how long to wait before terminating. The default is 5 seconds, and can be configured globally with testTimeout
import { test, expect } from 'vitest' test('should work as expected', () => { expect(Math.sqrt(4)).toBe(2); })
test.skip
Type:
(name: string, fn: TestFunction, timeout?: number) => void
Alias:
it.skip
If you want to skip running certain tests, but you don't want to delete the code due to any reason, you can use
test.skip
to avoid running them.import { test, assert } from 'vitest' test.skip("skipped test", () => { // Test skipped, no error assert.equal(Math.sqrt(4), 3); });
test.only
Type:
(name: string, fn: TestFunction, timeout?: number) => void
Alias:
it.only
Use
test.only
to only run certain tests in a given suite. This is useful when debugging.Optionally, you can provide a timeout (in milliseconds) for specifying how long to wait before terminating. The default is 5 seconds, and can be configured globally with testTimeout.
import { test, assert } from 'vitest' test.only("test", () => { // Only this test (and others marked with only) are run assert.equal(Math.sqrt(4), 2); });
test.concurrent
Type:
(name: string, fn: TestFunction, timeout?: number) => void
Alias:
it.concurrent
test.concurrent
marks consecutive tests to be run them in parallel. It receives the test name, an async function with the tests to collect, and an optional timeout (in milliseconds).import { describe, test } from 'vitest' // The two tests marked with concurrent will be run in parallel describe("suite", () => { test("serial test", async() => { /* ... */ }); test.concurrent("concurrent test 1", async() => { /* ... */ }); test.concurrent("concurrent test 2", async() => { /* ... */ }); });
test.skip
,test.only
, andtest.todo
works with concurrent tests. All the following combinations are valid:test.concurrent(...) test.skip.concurrent(...), test.concurrent.skip(...) test.only.concurrent(...), test.concurrent.only(...) test.todo.concurrent(...), test.concurrent.todo(...)
test.todo
Type:
(name: string) => void
Alias:
it.todo
Use
test.todo
to stub tests to be implemented later. An entry will be shown in the report for the tests so you know how many tests you still need to implement.// An entry will be shown in the report for this test test.todo("unimplemented test");
describe
When you use test
in the top level of file, they are collected as part of the implicit suite for it. Using describe
you can define a new suite in the current context, as a set of related tests and other nested suites. A suite lets you organize your tests so reports are more clear.
import { describe, test } from 'vitest'
const person = {
isActive: true,
age: 32,
};
describe('person', () => {
test('person is defined', () => {
expect(person).toBeDefined()
});
test('is active', () => {
expect(person.isActive).toBeTruthy();
});
test('age limit', () => {
expect(person.age).toBeLessThanOrEqual(32);
});
});
You can also nest describe blocks if you have a hierarchy of tests:
import { describe, test, expect } from 'vitest'
const numberToCurrency = (value) => {
if (typeof value !== 'number') {
throw new Error(`Value must be a number`);
}
return value.toFixed(2).toString().replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, ",");
}
describe('numberToCurrency', () => {
describe('given an invalid number', () => {
test('composed of non-numbers to throw error', () => {
expect(() => numberToCurrency('abc')).toThrow();
});
});
describe('given a valid number', () => {
test('returns the correct currency format', () => {
expect(numberToCurrency(10000)).toBe('10,000.00');
});
});
});
describe.skip
Type:
(name: string, fn: TestFunction) => void
Use
describe.skip
in a suite to avoid running a particular describe block.import { describe, test } from 'vitest' describe.skip("skipped suite", () => { test("sqrt", () => { // Suite skipped, no error assert.equal(Math.sqrt(4), 3); }); });
describe.only
Type:
(name: string, fn: TestFunction) => void
Use
describe.only
to only run certain suites// Only this suite (and others marked with only) are run describe.only("suite", () => { test("sqrt", () => { assert.equal(Math.sqrt(4), 3); }); }); describe('other suite', () => { // ... will be skipped });
describe.concurrent
Type:
(name: string, fn: TestFunction, timeout?: number) => void
describe.concurrent
in a suite marks every tests as concurrent// All tests within this suite will be run in parallel describe.concurrent("suite", () => { test("concurrent test 1", async() => { /* ... */ }); test("concurrent test 2", async() => { /* ... */ }); test.concurrent("concurrent test 3", async() => { /* ... */ }); });
.skip
,.only
, and.todo
works with concurrent suites. All the following combinations are valid:describe.concurrent(...) describe.skip.concurrent(...), describe.concurrent.skip(...) describe.only.concurrent(...), describe.concurrent.only(...) describe.todo.concurrent(...), describe.concurrent.todo(...)
describe.todo
Type:
(name: string) => void
Use
describe.todo
to stub suites to be implemented later. An entry will be shown in the report for the tests so you know how many tests you still need to implement.// An entry will be shown in the report for this suite describe.todo("unimplemented suite");
expect
Type:
ExpectStatic & (actual: any) => Assertions
expect
is used to create assertions. In this contextassertions
are functions that can be called to assert a statement. Vitest provideschai
assertions by default and alsoJest
compatible assertions build on top ofchai
.For example, this code asserts that an
input
value is equal to2
. If it's not, assertion will throw an error, and the test will fail.import { expect } from 'vitest' const input = Math.sqrt(4) expect(input).to.equal(2) // chai API expect(input).toBe(2) // jest API
Technically this example doesn't use
test
function, so in the console you will see Nodejs error instead of Vitest output. To learn more abouttest
, please read next chapter.Also,
expect
can be used statically to access matchers functions, described later, and more.WARNING
To provide compatibility with asymmetric matchers, Vitest wraps
.eql
and.equals
chai assertions, so if you need to use chai equality, you can use.chaiEqual
matcher.
not
TODO
toBe
Type:
(value: any) => Awaitable<void>
toBe
can be used to assert if primitives are equal or that objects share the same reference. It is equivalent of callingexpect(Object.is(3, 3)).toBe(true)
. If the objects are not the same, but you want check if their structures are identical, you can usetoEqual
.For example, the code below checks if the trader has 13 apples.
import { test, expect } from 'vitest' const stock = { type: 'apples', count: 13 } test('stock has 13 apples', () => { expect(stock.type).toBe('apples') expect(stock.count).toBe(13) }) test('stocks are the same', () => { const refStock = stock // same reference expect(stock).toBe(refStock) })
Try not to use
toBe
with floating-point numbers. Since JavaScript rounds them,0.1 + 0.2
is not strictly0.3
. To reliably assert floating-point numbers, usetoBeCloseTo
assertion.
toBeCloseTo
Type:
(value: number, numDigits?: number) => Awaitable<void>
Use
toBeCloseTo
to compare floating-point numbers. The optionalnumDigits
argument limits the number of digits to check after the decimal point. For example:import { test, expect } from 'vitest' test.fails('decimals are not equal in javascript', () => { expect(0.2 + 0.1).toBe(0.3); // 0.2 + 0.1 is 0.30000000000000004 }); test('decimals are rounded to 5 after the point', () => { // 0.2 + 0.1 is 0.30000 | "000000000004" removed expect(0.2 + 0.1).toBeCloseTo(0.3, 5); // nothing from 0.30000000000000004 is removed expect(0.2 + 0.1).not.toBeCloseTo(0.3, 50); });
toBeDefined
Type:
() => Awaitable<void>
toBeDefined
asserts that the value is not equal toundefined
. Useful use case would be to check if function returned anything.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' const getApples = () => 3 test('function returned something', () => { expect(getApples()).toBeDefined() })
toBeUndefined
Type:
() => Awaitable<void>
Opposite of
toBeDefined
,toBeUndefined
asserts that the value is equal toundefined
. Useful use case would be to check if function hasn't returned anything.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' function getApplesFromStock(stock) { if(stock === 'Bill') return 13 } test('mary doesnt have a stock', () => { expect(getApplesFromStock('Mary')).toBeUndefined() })
toBeTruthy
Type:
() => Awaitable<void>
toBeTruthy
asserts that the value is true, when converted to boolean. Useful if you don't care for the value, but just want to know it can be converted totrue
.For example having this code you don't care for the return value of
stocks.getInfo
- it maybe complex object, a string or anything else. The code will still work.import { Stocks } from './stocks' const stocks = new Stocks() stocks.sync('Bill') if(stocks.getInfo('Bill')) { stocks.sell('apples', 'Bill') }
So if you want to test that
stocks.getInfo
will be truthy, you could write:import { test, expect } from 'vitest' import { Stocks } from './stocks' const stocks = new Stocks() test('if we know Bill stock, sell apples to him', () => { stocks.sync('Bill') expect(stocks.getInfo('Bill')).toBeTruthy() })
Everything in JavaScript is truthy, except
false
,0
,''
,null
,undefined
, andNaN
.
toBeFalsy
Type:
() => Awaitable<void>
toBeFalsy
asserts that the value is false, when converted to boolean. Useful if you don't care for the value, but just want to know it can be converted tofalse
.For example having this code you don't care for the return value of
stocks.stockFailed
- it may return any falsy value, but the code will still work.import { Stocks } from './stocks' const stocks = new Stocks() stocks.sync('Bill') if(!stocks.stockFailed('Bill')) { stocks.sell('apples', 'Bill') }
So if you want to test that
stocks.stockFailed
will be falsy, you could write:import { test, expect } from 'vitest' import { Stocks } from './stocks' const stocks = new Stocks() test('if Bill stock hasnt failed, sell apples to him', () => { stocks.syncStocks('Bill') expect(stocks.stockFailed('Bill')).toBeFalsy() })
Everything in JavaScript is truthy, except
false
,0
,''
,null
,undefined
, andNaN
.
toBeNull
Type:
() => Awaitable<void>
toBeNull
simply asserts if something isnull
. Alias for.toBe(null)
.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' function apples() { return null } test('we dont have apples', () => { expect(apples()).toBeNull() })
toBeNaN
Type:
() => Awaitable<void>
toBeNaN
simply asserts if something isNaN
. Alias for.toBe(NaN)
.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' let i = 0 function getApplesCount() { i++ return i > 1 ? NaN : i } test('getApplesCount has some unusual side effects...', () => { expect(getApplesCount()).not.toBeNaN() expect(getApplesCount()).toBeNaN() })
toBeInstanceOf
Type:
(c: any) => Awaitable<void>
toBeInstanceOf
asserts if an actual value is instance of received class.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' import { Stocks } from './stocks' const stocks = new Stocks() test('stocks are instance of Stocks', () => { expect(stocks).toBeInstanceOf(Stocks) })
toBeGreaterThan
Type:
(n: number) => Awaitable<void>
toBeGreaterThan
asserts if actual value is greater than received one. Equal values will fail the test.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' import { getApples } from './stock' test('have more then 10 apples', () => { expect(getApples()).toBeGreaterThan(10) })
toBeGreaterThanOrEqual
Type:
(n: number) => Awaitable<void>
toBeGreaterThanOrEqual
asserts if actual value is greater than received one or equal to it.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' import { getApples } from './stock' test('have 11 apples or more', () => { expect(getApples()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(11) })
toBeLessThan
Type:
(n: number) => Awaitable<void>
toBeLessThan
asserts if actual value is less than received one. Equal values will fail the test.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' import { getApples } from './stock' test('have less then 20 apples', () => { expect(getApples()).toBeLessThan(20) })
toBeLessThanOrEqual
Type:
(n: number) => Awaitable<void>
toBeLessThanOrEqual
asserts if actual value is less than received one or equal to it.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' import { getApples } from './stock' test('have 11 apples or less', () => { expect(getApples()).toBeLessThanOrEqual(11) })
toEqual
Type:
(received: any) => Awaitable<void>
toEqual
asserts if actual value is equal to received one or has the same structure, if it is an object (compares them recursively). You can see the difference betweentoEqual
andtoBe
in this example:import { test, expect } from 'vitest' const stockBill = { type: 'apples', count: 13 } const stockMary = { type: 'apples', count: 13 } test('stocks have the same properties', () => { expect(stockBill).toEqual(stockMary) }) test('stocks are not the same', () => { expect(stockBill).not.toBe(stockMary) })
WARNING
A deep equality will not be performed for
Error
objects. To test if something was thrown, usetoThrow
assertion.
toStrictEqual
Type:
(received: any) => Awaitable<void>
toStrictEqual
asserts if actual value is equal to received one or has the same structure, if it is an object (compares them recursively), and of the same type.Differences from
.toEqual
:- Keys with
undefined
properties are checked. e.g.{a: undefined, b: 2}
does not match{b: 2}
when using.toStrictEqual
. - Array sparseness is checked. e.g.
[, 1]
does not match[undefined, 1]
when using.toStrictEqual
. - Object types are checked to be equal. e.g. A class instance with fields
a
andb
will not equal a literal object with fieldsa
andb
.
import { test, expect } from 'vitest' class Stock { constructor(type) { this.type = type } } test('structurally the same, but semantically different', () => { expect(new Stock('apples')).toEqual({ type: 'apples' }) expect(new Stock('apples')).not.toStrictEqual({ type: 'apples' }) })
- Keys with
toContain
Type:
(received: string) => Awaitable<void>
toContain
asserts if actual value is in an array.toContain
can also check whether a string is a substring of another string.import { expect, test } from 'vitest' import { getAllFruits } from './stock' test('the fruit list contains orange', () => { expect(getAllFruits()).toContain('orange'); })
toContainEqual
Type:
(received: any) => Awaitable<void>
toContainEqual
asserts if an item with a specific structure and values is contained in an array. It works liketoEqual
inside for each element.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' import { getFruitStock } from './stock' test("apple available", () => { expect(getFruitStock()).toContainEqual({ fruit: 'apple', count: 5 }) })
toHaveLength
Type:
(received: number) => Awaitable<void>
toHaveLength
asserts if an object has a.length
property and it is set to a certain numeric value.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' test('toHaveLength', () => { expect('abc').toHaveLength(3); expect([1, 2, 3]).toHaveLength(3); expect('').not.toHaveLength(3); // doesn't have .length of 3 expect({ length: 3 }).toHaveLength(3) })
toHaveProperty
Type:
(key: any, received?: any) => Awaitable<void>
toHaveProperty
asserts if a property at provided referencekey
exists for an object.You can provide an optional value argument also known as deep equality, like the
toEqual
matcher to compare the received property value.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' const invoice = { isActive: true, customer: { first_name: 'John', last_name: 'Doe', location: 'China', }, total_amount: 5000, items: [ { type: 'apples', quantity: 10, }, { type: 'oranges', quantity: 5, }, ] } test('John Doe Invoice', () => { expect(invoice).toHaveProperty('isActive') // assert that the key exists expect(invoice).toHaveProperty('total_amount', 5000) //assert that the key exists and the value is equal expect(invoice).not.toHaveProperty('account') //assert that this key does not exist // Deep referencing using dot notation expect(invoice).toHaveProperty('customer.first_name') expect(invoice).toHaveProperty('customer.last_name', 'Doe') expect(invoice).not.toHaveProperty('customer.location', 'India') // Deep referencing using an array containing the key expect(invoice).toHaveProperty('items[0].type', 'apples') expect(invoice).toHaveProperty('items.0.type', 'apples') // dot notation also works })
toMatch
Type:
(received: string | regexp) => Awaitable<void>
toMatch
asserts if a string matches a regular expression or a string.import { expect, test } from 'vitest' test('top fruits', () => { expect('top fruits include apple, orange and grape').toMatch(/apple/) expect('applefruits').toMatch('fruit') // toMatch also accepts a string })
toMatchObject
Type:
(received: object | array) => Awaitable<void>
toMatchObject
asserts if an object matches a subset of the properties of an object.You can also pass an array of objects. This is useful if you want to check that two arrays match in their number of elements, as opposed to
arrayContaining
, which allows for extra elements in the received array.import { test, expect } from 'vitest' const johnInvoice = { isActive: true, customer: { first_name: 'John', last_name: 'Doe', location: 'China', }, total_amount: 5000, items: [ { type: 'apples', quantity: 10, }, { type: 'oranges', quantity: 5, } ] } const johnDetails = { customer: { first_name: 'John', last_name: 'Doe', location: 'China', } } test('invoice has john personal details', () => { expect(johnInvoice).toMatchObject(johnDetails) }) test('the number of elements must match exactly', () => { // Assert that an array of object matches expect([{ foo: 'bar' }, { baz: 1 }]).toMatchObject([ { foo: 'bar' }, { baz: 1 }, ]) })
toThrowError
Type:
(received: any) => Awaitable<void>
toThrowError
asserts if a function throws an error when it is called.For example, if we want to test that
getFruitStock('pineapples')
throws, because pineapples is not good for people with diabetes, we could write:You can provide an optional argument to test that a specific error is thrown:
- regular expression: error message matches the pattern
- string: error message includes the substring
TIP
You must wrap the code in a function, otherwise the error will not be caught and the assertion will fail.
import { test, expect } from 'vitest' function getFruitStock(type) { if (type === 'pineapples') { throw new DiabetesError('Pineapples is not good for people with diabetes') } // Do some other stuff } test('throws on pineapples', () => { // Test that the error message says "diabetes" somewhere: these are equivalent expect(() => getFruitStock('pineapples')).toThrowError(/diabetes/) expect(() => getFruitStock('pineapples')).toThrowError('diabetes') // Test the exact error message expect(() => getFruitStock('pineapples')).toThrowError( /^Pineapples is not good for people with diabetes$/, ) })
// snapshots
toMatchSnapshot
toMatchInlineSnapshot
toThrowErrorMatchingSnapshot
toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot
toHaveBeenCalled
toHaveBeenCalledTimes
toHaveBeenCalledWith
toHaveBeenLastCalledWith
toHaveBeenNthCalledWith
toHaveReturned
toHaveReturnedTimes
toHaveReturnedWith
toHaveLastReturnedWith
toHaveNthReturnedWith
resolves
Type:
Promisify<Assertions>
resolves
is intended to remove boilerplate when asserting asynchronous code. Use it to unwrap value from pending promise and assert its value with usual assertions. If promise rejects, the assertion will fail.It returns the same
Assertions
object, but all matchers are now returnPromise
, so you would need toawait
it. Also works withchai
assertions.For example, if you have a function, that makes an API call and returns some data, you may use this code to assert its return value:
import { test, expect } from 'vitest' function buyApples() { return fetch('/buy/apples').then(r => r.json()) } test('buyApples returns new stock id', async () => { // toEqual returns a promise now, so you HAVE to await it await expect(buyApples()).resolves.toEqual({ id: 1 }) })
WARNING
If the assertion is not awaited, then you will have a false-positive test that will pass every time. To make sure that assertions are actually happened, you may use
expect.assertions(number)
.
rejects
Type:
Promisify<Assertions>
rejects
is intended to remove boilerplate when asserting asynchronous code. Use it to unwrap reason why promise was rejected, and assert its value with usual assertions. If promise successfully resolves, the assertion will fail.It returns the same
Assertions
object, but all matchers are now returnPromise
, so you would need toawait
it. Also works withchai
assertions.For example, if you have a function that fails when you call it, you may use this code to assert the reason:
import { test, expect } from 'vitest' function buyApples(id) { if(!id) { throw new Error('no id') } } test('buyApples throws an error when no id provided', async () => { // toThrow returns a promise now, so you HAVE to await it await expect(buyApples()).rejects.toThrow('no id') })
WARNING
If the assertion is not awaited, then you will have a false-positive test that will pass every time. To make sure that assertions are actually happened, you may use
expect.assertions(number)
.
expect.assertions
Type:
(count: number) => void
After the test has passed or failed verifies that curtain number of assertions was called during a test. Useful case would be to check if an asynchronous code was called.
For examples, if we have a function than asynchronously calls two matchers, we can assert that they were actually called.
import { test, expect } from 'vitest' async function doAsync(...cbs) { await Promise.all( cbs.map((cb, index) => cb({ index })) ) } test('all assertions are called', async () => { expect.assertions(2); function callback1(data) { expect(data).toBeTruthy(); } function callback2(data) { expect(data).toBeTruthy(); } await doAsync(callback1, callback2); })
expect.hasAssertions
Type:
(count: number) => void
After the test has passed or failed verifies that at least one assertion was called during a test. Useful case would be to check if an asynchronous code was called.
For example, if you have a code that calls a callback, we can make an assertion inside a callback, but the test will always pass, if we don't check if an assertion was called.
import { test, expect } from 'vitest' import { db } from './db' const cbs = [] function onSelect(cb) { cbs.push(cb) } // after selecting from db, we call all callbacks function select(id) { return db.select({ id }).then(data => { return Promise.all( cbs.map(cb => cb(data)) ) }) } test('callback was called', async () => { expect.hasAssertions() onSelect((data) => { // should be called on select expect(data).toBeTruthy(); }) // if not awaited, test will fail // if you dont have expect.hasAssertions(), test will pass await select(3) })
// asymmetric matchers
expect.anything
expect.any
expect.arrayContaining
expect.not.arrayContaining
expect.objectContaining
expect.not.objectContaining
expect.stringContaining
expect.not.stringContaining
expect.stringMatching
expect.not.stringMatching
expect.addSnapshotSerializer
expect.extend
Setup and Teardown
These functions allows you to hook into the life cycle of tests to avoid repeating setup and teardown code. They apply to the current context: the file if they are used at the top-level or the current suite if they are inside a describe
block.
beforeEach
Type:
beforeEach(fn: () => Awaitable<void>, timeout?: number)
Register a callback to be called before each of the tests in the current context runs. If the function returns a promise, Vitest waits until the promise resolve before running the test.
Optionally, you can pass a timeout (in milliseconds) defining how long to wait before terminating. The default is 5 seconds.
import { beforeEach } from 'vitest' beforeEach(async () => { // Clear mocks and add some testing data after before each test run await stopMocking() await addUser({ name: 'John'}) })
Here, the
beforeEach
ensures that user is added for each test.
afterEach
Type:
afterEach(fn: () => Awaitable<void>, timeout?: number)
Register a callback to be called after each one of the tests in the current context completes. If the function returns a promise, Vitest waits until the promise resolve before continuing.
Optionally, you can a timeout (in milliseconds) for specifying how long to wait before terminating. The default is 5 seconds.
import { afterEach } from 'vitest' afterEach(async () => { await clearTestingData() // clear testing data after each test run })
Here, the
afterEach
ensures that testing data is cleared after each test runs.
beforeAll
Type:
beforeAll(fn: () => Awaitable<void>, timeout?: number)
Register a callback to be called once before starting to run all tests in the current context. If the function returns a promise, Vitest waits until the promise resolve before running tests.
Optionally, you can provide a timeout (in milliseconds) for specifying how long to wait before terminating. The default is 5 seconds.
import { beforeAll } from 'vitest' beforeAll(async () => { await startMocking() // called once before all tests run })
Here the
beforeAll
ensures that the mock data is set up before tests run
afterAll
Type:
afterAll(fn: () => Awaitable<void>, timeout?: number)
Register a callback to be called once after all tests have run in the current context. If the function returns a promise, Vitest waits until the promise resolve before continuing.
Optionally, you can provide a timeout (in milliseconds) for specifying how long to wait before terminating. The default is 5 seconds.
import { afterAll } from 'vitest' afterAll(async () => { await stopMocking() // this method is called after all tests run })
Here the
afterAll
ensures thatstopMocking
method is called after all tests run.